diff --git a/deploy.sh b/deploy.sh
index 2b0e8e5..abd5e14 100644
--- a/deploy.sh
+++ b/deploy.sh
@@ -587,13 +587,11 @@ fi
 if [ "$external_access_method" -eq 2 ] || [ "$external_access_method" -eq 3 ]; then
     echo "Configuring DHCP on PiHole..."
     echo "Gathering network information..."
-
     # Get network information
     gateway=$(ip route | awk '/default/ {print $3}')
     interface=$(ip route | awk '/default/ {print $5}')
     netmask=$(ifconfig $interface | awk '/netmask/ {print $4}')
     localip=$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')
-
     echo "  Gateway: $gateway"
     echo "  Interface: $interface"
     echo "  Netmask: $netmask"
@@ -617,21 +615,47 @@ if [ "$external_access_method" -eq 2 ] || [ "$external_access_method" -eq 3 ]; t
         echo "$(echo "ibase=2; $octet1" | bc).$(echo "ibase=2; $octet2" | bc).$(echo "ibase=2; $octet3" | bc).$(echo "ibase=2; $octet4" | bc)"
     }
 
-    # Function to add a number to a binary IP string
-    add_to_bin_ip() {
+    # Function to add a binary value to a binary IP string
+    add_binary_to_ip() {
+        local bin_ip=$1
+        local bin_add=$2  # e.g., "1010" for 10, "1100100" for 100
+
+        # Pad the binary addition to 8 bits (e.g., "1010" → "00001010")
+        bin_add=$(printf "%08d" "$bin_add")
+
+        # Split the IP into 4 octets (8 bits each)
+        local octet1=${bin_ip:0:8}
+        local octet2=${bin_ip:8:8}
+        local octet3=${bin_ip:16:8}
+        local octet4=${bin_ip:24:8}
+
+        # Add the binary value to the last octet
+        local new_octet4=$((2#$octet4 + 2#$bin_add))
+
+        # Handle overflow (if new_octet4 > 255)
+        if [ "$new_octet4" -gt 255 ]; then
+            new_octet4=$((new_octet4 - 256))
+            octet3=$((2#$octet3 + 1))  # Carry over to the third octet
+            octet3=$(printf "%08d" "$(echo "obase=2; $octet3" | bc)")  # Convert back to 8-bit binary
+        fi
+
+        # Update the last octet
+        octet4=$(printf "%08d" "$(echo "obase=2; $new_octet4" | bc)")
+
+        # Reconstruct the binary IP string
+        echo "${octet1}${octet2}${octet3}${octet4}"
+    }
+
+    # Function to subtract 1 from a binary IP string
+    subtract_one_from_ip() {
         local bin_ip=$1
-        local num=$2
-        # Convert binary IP to decimal
         local dec_ip=$((2#${bin_ip:0:8} * 256**3 + 2#${bin_ip:8:8} * 256**2 + 2#${bin_ip:16:8} * 256 + 2#${bin_ip:24:8}))
-        # Add the number
-        dec_ip=$((dec_ip + num))
-        # Convert back to binary IP
-        local new_bin_ip=$(printf "%08d%08d%08d%08d" \
+        dec_ip=$((dec_ip - 1))
+        printf "%08d%08d%08d%08d" \
             "$(echo "obase=2; ($dec_ip >> 24) & 255" | bc)" \
             "$(echo "obase=2; ($dec_ip >> 16) & 255" | bc)" \
             "$(echo "obase=2; ($dec_ip >> 8) & 255" | bc)" \
-            "$(echo "obase=2; $dec_ip & 255" | bc)")
-        echo "$new_bin_ip"
+            "$(echo "obase=2; $dec_ip & 255" | bc)"
     }
 
     # Calculate network and broadcast addresses using binary operations
@@ -661,44 +685,41 @@ if [ "$external_access_method" -eq 2 ] || [ "$external_access_method" -eq 3 ]; t
 
     network_address=$(bin_to_ip "$network_bin")
     broadcast_address=$(bin_to_ip "$broadcast_bin")
-
     echo "  Network Address: $network_address"
     echo "  Broadcast Address: $broadcast_address"
 
-    # Calculate DHCP range using binary operations
-    # Start DHCP 10 IPs after the gateway (but not before network+1)
-    dhcp_start_bin=$(add_to_bin_ip "$gateway_bin" 10)
-    network_dec=$((2#${network_bin:0:8} * 256**3 + 2#${network_bin:8:8} * 256**2 + 2#${network_bin:16:8} * 256 + 2#${network_bin:24:8}))
-    dhcp_start_dec=$((2#${dhcp_start_bin:0:8} * 256**3 + 2#${dhcp_start_bin:8:8} * 256**2 + 2#${dhcp_start_bin:16:8} * 256 + 2#${dhcp_start_bin:24:8}))
+    # Calculate DHCP start: network_address + 10
+    dhcp_start_bin=$(add_binary_to_ip "$network_bin" "1010")  # 10 in binary
 
-    if [ "$dhcp_start_dec" -le "$network_dec" ]; then
-        dhcp_start_bin=$(add_to_bin_ip "$network_bin" 1)
+    # Ensure DHCP start is not before network+1
+    if [ "$(bin_to_ip "$dhcp_start_bin")" = "$(bin_to_ip "$network_bin")" ]; then
+        dhcp_start_bin=$(add_binary_to_ip "$network_bin" "1")  # network + 1
     fi
 
-    # End DHCP 100 IPs after start (but not after broadcast-1)
-    dhcp_end_bin=$(add_to_bin_ip "$dhcp_start_bin" 100)
-    broadcast_dec=$((2#${broadcast_bin:0:8} * 256**3 + 2#${broadcast_bin:8:8} * 256**2 + 2#${broadcast_bin:16:8} * 256 + 2#${broadcast_bin:24:8}))
-    dhcp_end_dec=$((2#${dhcp_end_bin:0:8} * 256**3 + 2#${dhcp_end_bin:8:8} * 256**2 + 2#${dhcp_end_bin:16:8} * 256 + 2#${dhcp_end_bin:24:8}))
+    # Calculate DHCP end: dhcp_start + 100
+    dhcp_end_bin=$(add_binary_to_ip "$dhcp_start_bin" "1100100")  # 100 in binary
 
-    if [ "$dhcp_end_dec" -ge "$broadcast_dec" ]; then
-        dhcp_end_bin=$(add_to_bin_ip "$broadcast_bin" -1)
+    # Ensure DHCP end is not after broadcast-1
+    broadcast_minus_1_bin=$(subtract_one_from_ip "$broadcast_bin")
+    if [ "$(printf "%d" "$(bin_to_ip "$dhcp_end_bin" | tr '.' ' ')")" -ge "$(printf "%d" "$(bin_to_ip "$broadcast_bin" | tr '.' ' ')")" ]; then
+        dhcp_end_bin="$broadcast_minus_1_bin"
     fi
 
-    # Ensure we don't include the local IP in the DHCP range
-    localip_dec=$((2#${localip_bin:0:8} * 256**3 + 2#${localip_bin:8:8} * 256**2 + 2#${localip_bin:16:8} * 256 + 2#${localip_bin:24:8}))
-    dhcp_start_dec=$((2#${dhcp_start_bin:0:8} * 256**3 + 2#${dhcp_start_bin:8:8} * 256**2 + 2#${dhcp_start_bin:16:8} * 256 + 2#${dhcp_start_bin:24:8}))
-    dhcp_end_dec=$((2#${dhcp_end_bin:0:8} * 256**3 + 2#${dhcp_end_bin:8:8} * 256**2 + 2#${dhcp_end_bin:16:8} * 256 + 2#${dhcp_end_bin:24:8}))
+    # Exclude local IP from range
+    localip_dec=$(printf "%d" "$(bin_to_ip "$localip_bin" | tr '.' ' ')")
+    dhcp_start_dec=$(printf "%d" "$(bin_to_ip "$dhcp_start_bin" | tr '.' ' ')")
+    dhcp_end_dec=$(printf "%d" "$(bin_to_ip "$dhcp_end_bin" | tr '.' ' ')")
 
     if [ "$localip_dec" -ge "$dhcp_start_dec" ] && [ "$localip_dec" -le "$dhcp_end_dec" ]; then
-        # If local IP is in the range, adjust the range
+        echo "Local IP is in DHCP range. Adjusting..."
         if [ $((localip_dec - dhcp_start_dec)) -lt $((dhcp_end_dec - localip_dec)) ]; then
-            dhcp_start_bin=$(add_to_bin_ip "$localip_bin" 1)
+            dhcp_start_bin=$(add_binary_to_ip "$localip_bin" "1")  # Move start above local IP
         else
-            dhcp_end_bin=$(add_to_bin_ip "$localip_bin" -1)
+            dhcp_end_bin=$(subtract_one_from_ip "$localip_bin")   # Move end below local IP
         fi
     fi
 
-    # Convert back to IP format
+    # Convert to IP format
     dhcp_start=$(bin_to_ip "$dhcp_start_bin")
     dhcp_end=$(bin_to_ip "$dhcp_end_bin")
 
@@ -725,7 +746,6 @@ if [ "$external_access_method" -eq 2 ] || [ "$external_access_method" -eq 3 ]; t
     # Restart PiHole to apply changes
     echo "Restarting PiHole to apply changes..."
     docker restart pihole
-
     echo "DHCP configuration applied successfully."
 fi